试论近代藏边社会纠纷解决中的司法实践——以甘青藏族聚居区为考察中心

On Juridical Practice in Solving Disputes in Tibetan Society in Modern Times——Take Tibetan Agglomerations in Gansu and Qinghai as the Investigating Center

甘青藏族聚居区是中原文化进入西藏的前哨,将其作为藏边的典型代表区域研究社会纠纷解决中的司法实践,可窥视边疆民族地区法律文化的近代化进程。近代甘青藏族聚居区受到中原法律文化的影响,同时又保持着藏区文化的固有特征。在社会纠纷解决中司法实践表现为呈控、持票传讯、"流动式"公堂断讼、拘押。司法权运作遵循一定的制度和规范(主要有联合会审制度、发放执照制度),且通过以下三个方面维护司法审判结果:一是通过销案制度进一步巩固司法审判结果,二是推行赔偿兑现制度防止案件复发,三是运用赎买制度促使案件的具结。

Tibetan agglomerations in Gansu and Qinghai were the outpost for Central Plain Culture entering into Tibet. Take it as the typical regions of Tibetan society for studying the juridical practice in solving social disputes can help to know the modem time process of legal culture of ethnic minority areas in borderland. In modem times, the agglomerations have been influenced by central plain legal culture, and maintained its own inherent Tibetan features. The juridical practice were accuse, a holder for summoning , ＂floating＂ court umpirage and custody. In addition, the practice of juridical power follows certain system and norm, they are joint trial system and license granting system. The result of judicial judgment is maintained from three aspects. Firstly, to consolidate the result by the close case system; secondly, to avoid recurring of case by carrying out the cash compensation system; thirdly, to urge the binding over of case by using redeem system.