《失乐园》中的时空模式与17世纪宇宙论

Temporal and Spatial Mode in Paradise Lost and Seventeenth-century Cosmology

《失乐园》的读者由文字的推移所牵引,见证了从创世经堕落到救赎的整个历程,阅读成为一种时间中的延异运动。同时,这一过程也是空间中的运动,从上帝的天国经人间的乐园到堕落的尘世直至撒旦的地狱。时空两个维度的阅读体验呈现出一个十字交叉的"世界之轴"形象,在这里它指的是一种文学隐喻的结构,"世界之轴"是弥尔顿用诗性语言建构起的自足宇宙,该宇宙从时与空两个维度表达了诗人及其时代的文学想象模式和生存体验模式——一个四层面的时空体,其中,人类处于一个中心领域,其上有浩渺的天国,其下有黑暗的深渊。在这个四层面的宇宙中,对时间和空间的体验是存在的首要范畴,也是语言与思维的首要范畴。弥尔顿在《失乐园》中对四层面时空体验的描写表达出他个人及时代的文学想象模式和生存体验模式。

In reading Paradise Lost,readers go through a whole process beginning with Creation,followed by Fall and ending with Salvation,which turns reading into a movement in time,as well as in space extending from Heaven to Eden and to Hell. This movement on the horizontal level of time and the vertical level of space presents a cross- shaped image of Cosmic Axis,which refers to a structure of literary metaphor. The literary Cosmic Axis is the core structure of Milton's literary cosmos built with the poet's poetic imagination. This self- contained cosmos expresses the mode of literary imagination and the mode of being owned by the poet and his age in the two dimensions of time and space.