基于生计资本的农户自然资源依赖研究——以湖北省保护区为例

Study on Natural Resource Dependence Based on Livelihood Assets:Examples from Nature Reserves in Hubei Province

本研究建立了生计资本和自然资源依赖度评估指标,利用湖北省四个保护区抽样调查的128份农户问卷,评估了不同生计资本下农户的自然资源依赖度,得出:农户的自然资源利用收入占家庭全年总收入的28%,农户食物依赖自然资源利用的比例为42%,农户能源支出中依赖于自然资源的部分占27%。人力资本中,户主受教育程度越低和身体状况较差的家庭,食物依赖度和收入依赖度越高;社会资本各变量对农户的自然资源依赖度没有显著影响;自然资本中,农田面积大小同农户的食物依赖度和收入依赖度呈正比;林地面积大小同农户的能源依赖度呈正比;物质资本中,房屋面积较大的农户对自然资源的依赖度较低,家禽家畜越多的农户对自然资源的依赖度越高;金融资本中,家庭总收入和家庭人均收入越高的农户对自然资源的依赖度越低。

The topic of rural livelihoods arouses broad attention in developing countries and regions. Livelihood assets owned by individuals or families decide their livelihood pattern. Those lacks of livelihood assets are always short of capacities of exploiting alternative resources,hence highly dependent on free natural resources,which aggravate the environmental degradation. Therefore,improve farmers' livelihoods assets is the basis and key to poverty alleviation and the sustainable use of natural resources. This study used the 128 rural households' dataset from four nature reserves in Hubei province,established the evaluation index of livelihoods assets and natural resource dependence,and evaluated the degree of natural resource dependence under different livelihood assets. The results are as follows:( 1) Natural resource dependence in terms of income,food,and energy are 28%,42%,and 27%,respectively.( 2) In human capital variables,lower education and bad health status of household head have higher food dependence and income dependence. Social capitals have little effect on farmers' resource dependence. In natural capital,farmland area has positive effect on food dependence and income dependence. Forestland area has positive effect on energy dependence. In physical capital variables,families with larger living area are less dependent on natural resources. Families with more livestock are more dependent on natural resources. In financial capital variables,total income and income per capita have negative effect on rural household's natural resource dependence.