小凉山彝族民间社会支持体系与国家社保制度互动研究——人类学视野下的福利体系多元主义

Interaction between Civil Social Supporting System and Statutory Social Security Institution in Xiaoliangshan Yi Community:An Anthropological Perspective of Welfare System Pluralism

当前福利多元主义理论多是关于福利提供者的多元主义,目标是寻找国家以外的福利提供者,但福利提供过程不仅包括提供者,而且涉及一整套体系,只有实现福利提供体系的多元化才能保证真正可持续的福利供给,因此探寻新的福利提供体系对完善我国社保制度有重要意义。小凉山彝族社区中存在着一套民间社会支持体系,该体系以家支、姻亲、村落等文化制度为基础,以义务和互惠为主要提供原则,有别于再分配性质的国家社保制度。当前国家社保制度的最终效果,是在与族群文化互动的过程中产生的,理解这一点,对反思当前社会保障相关理论有重要意义。

Current welfare pluralism theory is mainly about the plurality of providers, which aims to find new providers besides the government. However, the process of welfare provision involves not only providers but a set of systems as well, and only when the diversification of welfare delivery system is realized, can a tn^y sustainable welfare provision be ensured. Therefore, it is important to explore new delivery systems to improve the social security system of our country. In the Xiaoliangshan Yi commu- nity, there is a civil social supporting system that is based on cultural institutions of lineages, affinities, villages and that takes obligations and reciprocity as its main operational principles. It is an alternative system which is different from the redistributive statutory social security system. Besides, the ultimate effect of the social security system of the country can only be achieved through its interaction with ethnic culture. This point has its implication to the study of current general theories of social security.