激光辐射对作业人员眼睛健康影响因素分析

Risk factors of eye health in workers exposed to laser irradiation

目的观察激光作业人员眼睛健康情况,分析激光辐射作业人员眼睛健康的影响因素。方法采用横断面调查方法,以在2家电子加工企业从事激光辐射岗位作业的95名员工为接触组,以该2家企业从事非激光辐射岗位作业的136名员工为对照组,对2组人员进行眼睛自觉不适症状调查和眼科检查。结果对照组、接触组分别有98和64人自述有不同程度的视力下降、视物模糊、眼睛干涩、眼痛、眼胀、畏光、流泪、异物感、视物有黑点等不适症状;2组人群眼睛自觉不适症状总体发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(72.06%vs 67.37%,P>0.05)。对照组和接触组人群眼科总异常检出率分别为19.12%(70/190)和36.84%(52/272);接触组人群眼科总异常检出率高于对照组(P<0.01)。其中,接触组人群晶状体异常和眼底异常检出率均高于对照组(24.74%vs 9.56%,8.42%vs 1.10%,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,激光作业、性别和年龄是导致发生眼科检查异常的独立影响因素(P<0.05);激光作业人群发生眼科检查异常的风险为非激光作业人群的5.37倍,女性人群发生眼科检查异常的风险高于男性人群,年龄越大者发生眼科异常的风险越高。结论电子加工企业激光接触可对作业人员的眼睛健康造成危害,性别和年龄是协同影响因素。

Objective To investigate the status of eye health in radiation workers exp？sed to laser irradiation and analyze the related risk factors. Methods By cross-sectional investigation method, 95 laser irradiation exposure workers from 2 electronic processing enterprises were selected as exposure group, and 136 non-exposed workers were chosen as control group. Uncomfortable symptoms were recorded and ophthalmic examinations were carried out in two groups. Results There were 64 persons in exposure group and 98 persons in control group respectively who reported different degrees of uncomfortable symptoms including the decreased vision, blurred vision, dry eyes, ocular pain, swelling of eyes, photophobia, tearing, eyewinker feeling, and muscae volitantes. The total incidence rates of uncomfortable symptoms had no statistically significant difference between the two groups （72.06% vs 67.37% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. The total abnormal rate of eye examination in the exposure group was 36. 84% （52/272）, significantly higher than that in the control group （ 19.12% , 70/190 ） （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The abnormal rates of lens and fundus examination in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in control group （27.74% vs 9.56% ; 8.42% vs 1.10% ; P 〈 0.01 for both）. The multiple Logistic regression analysis indicated that the laser irradiation, gender, and age were the independent risk factors for ophthalmic abnormalities （P 〈 0.05） ; the risk for the occurrence of ophthalmic abnormalities in workers exposed to laser irradiation was 5.37-fold greater than the workers without radiation exposure ; female workers had a higher risk than the male, and the risk increased with age. Conclusion Laser irradiation exposure can lead to eye injury of workers in ~la^trnnic nrncessln~ enternrises, the ~ender and a^e are co-factors influencing the ocular health.