低纬高原区再生稻高产栽培技术研究

Study on High Yield Cultivation Technique of Ratoon Rice in the Low Latitude Plateau

在低纬高原生态条件下,2010年以8个头季稻高产水稻品种进行再生稻高产品种筛选,2011年对产量最高的品种进行高产栽培技术研究,2012—2013年对栽培技术进行集成。结果表明：再生稻平均产量为4.19 t/hm2,是头季稻的37.08%。再生稻结实率、千粒重变异较小,颖花量、有效穗、穗粒数变异较大。颖花量多的品种产量较高,其中,‘宜优673’的颖花量最高,达2.12×104/m2,其产量为4.70 t/hm2。提高再生稻产量的关键是提高其有效穗,而提高再生稻有效穗的关键是提高腋芽萌发率和存活率,以多穗保总粒数,产量才能增加。高产主要技术是头季齐穗后15 d和收获后2～3 d分别施用97.5 kg/hm2的促芽肥和促粒肥,留桩高度30 cm。集成再生稻高产技术＂百亩示范片＂平均产量为4.25 t/hm2,创造了低纬高原区再生稻的最高产纪录。

In the low latitude plateau, eight high-yield first cropping rice varieties were screened for ra- toon rice varieties in 2010, high yield cultivation technology of the highest yield varieties was study in 2011 and the cultivation techniques were integrated in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that： the average yield of ratoon rice was 4. 19 t/hmz and 37. 08% of the first cropping rice yield. The variation coefficients of 1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate were small and those of other yield structure factors were larger. The varieties with more spikelets had higher yield, of which, the spikelets of ＇ Yiyou 673＇ was 2. 12 x 104/ m2 and its yield was 4. 70 t/hm2. The key to improve the yield of the ratoon rice was to increase the effec- tive panicles, the key to improve the panicle of the ratoon rice was the improvement of sprouting and alive bud of the ratoon rice. It is necessary to foster much panicle number for obtaining higher yield in the ratoon season. The key technique for high yield was that 97. 5 kg/hm2 bud fertilizer was used at the 15th day after full heading of the first cropping rice and 97. 5 kg/hm2 granular fertilizer was used at the 2nd or 3rd day after the first cropping harvest, rudimental stubble height was 30 cm, the yield of technology integration was 4. 25 t/hm2, which created the highest yield record of ratoon rice in low latitude plateau area.