核酸适配体技术在食品重金属检测中的应用研究进展

Advances in the Application of Aptamers to Detect Heavy Metals in Foods

近年来食品中重金属超标对人们健康构成了威胁,所以对食品中重金属检测技术的开发成为了重要研究内容。虽然传统的检测技术对重金属进行了高选择性和高灵敏度的检测,但是仍需要一种简单、快速、有效、成本低廉的方法用于食品安全领域的快速检测。核酸适配体为一段单链DNA或者RNA序列,是经体外筛选技术筛选出的能特异结合蛋白质或其他小分子物质的寡聚核苷酸片段。核酸适配体具有靶分子广、灵敏度高、特异性强、稳定性好等特点,因而被广泛用于食品安全检测领域。本文综述近年来核酸适配体技术对食品中Hg2+、As3+、Pb2+的检测,并对核酸适体技术在食品重金属检测领域的应用前景进行了展望。

In recent years, excessive heavy metals in foods pose a threat to human health, so the development of techniques to detect heavy metals in foods has become an important research task. Although traditional techniques for heavy metal detection have high selectivity and high sensitivity, a simple, fast, effective and inexpensive method for rapid detection of food safety is still highly desired. Aptamers （aptamer） is a piece of single-stranded DNA or RNA sequence or oligonucleotide fragments obtained by in vitro selection （SELEX, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment）, which is specifically bound to protein or smaller molecules. As a target molecule with high sensitivity, high specificity and good stability, in recent years, it has been widely used in the field of food safety detection. This article reviews the progress made in recent years in applying aptamer technology for the detection of heavy metals such as Hg2＋, As3＋ and Pb2＋ in foods and future prospects are discussed.