山楂降血脂作用和机理研究进展

A Review of the Lipid-Lowering Activity and Mechanism of Fructus Crataegi

山楂为蔷薇科植物山里红(Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.var.major N.E.Br.)或山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.)的干燥成熟果实。山楂中的降血脂活性物质包括总黄酮、三萜酸、植物甾醇、果胶五糖等,山楂与其他有效物质(如可用于保健食品的中药、药食同源的物质)联用能发挥更有效的降血脂作用。山楂通过提高胆固醇7α-羟化酶的表达水平,抑制3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶、酰基辅酶A:胆固醇酰基转移酶的活性,增加低密度脂蛋白受体水平及通过调控多种脂肪代谢酶的机制调节血脂。本文阐述山楂活性物质的降血脂作用及山楂与其他有效物质联用的降血脂效果,并阐明山楂降血脂作用的机制,并对山楂的进一步研究进行展望。

Fructus Crataegi （hawthorn） is the dried ripe fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. The bioactive components associated with the hypolipidemic effect of Fructus Crataegi include total flavones, triterpenic acids, plant sterols, pectin pentasaccharide, and so on. The lipid-lowering effect of hawthorn fruit is enhanced by combination with other Chinese herbal medicinal materials or edible and medicinal materials. Hawthorn lowers plasma lipid by increasing PPAR-α expression in liver, inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase andintestinal ACAT activities, enhancing LDLR level and modulating lipid-related enzyme activities. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the hypolipidemic effect of bioactive components from hawthorn alone and in combination with other bioactive materials and elucidate the mechanisms involved. Moreover, future perspectives for hawthorn research are discussed.