葡萄酒中葡萄的DNA提取和分子鉴定研究进展

A Review on Grape(Vitis vinifera L.) DNA Extraction and Molecular Identification for Wines

分子生物学技术能够对葡萄酒真伪和品质鉴别提供直接的判别依据。解决葡萄酒中葡萄DNA提取的技术难题,并以此为基础利用分子标记技术进行葡萄酒中葡萄品种的鉴定,具有重大的研究和应用价值。因此,本文综述了近10余年来分子生物学技术在葡萄酒分子鉴定方面的研究进展,从葡萄酒中葡萄DNA提取、DNA质量评价和品种鉴定三方面进行了阐述,尤其是将文献中的DNA提取和下游检测技术方案进行了系统比较,就DNA提取部分按照葡萄DNA的富集、DNA粗提和多糖多酚的去除以及DNA纯化回收3个步骤进行了深入的分析,并详细介绍了以微卫星标记为代表的品种鉴定技术现状。在此基础上,本文还探讨了基因检测技术在葡萄酒真伪和品质鉴定方面的应用前景。

Molecular biology techniques can provide direct authenticity and quality identification of wines. The resolution of technical problems on grape DNA extraction from wines and the subsequent application of molecular marker techniques in grapevine identification are of great interest among researchers and of high practical value. A literature review on molecular biology techniques used for grapevine identification for wines in recent decades is given in this paper, including grape DNA extraction from wines, DNA quality evaluation and grapevine identification. A systematic comparison of DNA extraction and downstream detection protocols reported in the literature is provided as well as a detailed analysis of the three steps involved in DNA extraction namely DNA enrichment, crude DNA extraction and subsequent removal of polyphenol and polysaccharide, and DNA purification. The technical advances in grapevine identification represented by microsatellite marker technology are displayed. Meanwhile, the application prospects of gene detection technologies in authenticity and quality identification of wines are discussed in this paper.