旅游引导的乡村城市化——以阳朔历村为例

Rural urbanization led by tourism

以传统工业发展引导的乡村城市化带来了耕地减少、环境污染、乡村空心化等问题,旅游能避免以往城市化过程中的弊端,成为引导新型城市化的一条道路吗?以阳朔历村为例,分阶段梳理了旅游发展过程,指出了阳朔历村通过旅游发展实现了职业结构、生产生活方式、思想观念等方面的转变。通过理论解释,证明了在资源禀赋和休闲需求的驱动下,旅游发展通过主客交往、供需关系和示范效应的作用机制,可以有效引导乡村城市化的实现,并且是一条较为"绿色"的新型城市化道路;同时总结了历村现阶段出现的公共设施缺乏、建设混乱、景观不协调等问题,指出虽然政府在先前较为"宽容"的政策下对乡村城市化的实现起到了正面的作用,但是这种自下而上的城市化模式如果没有政府层面的有力介入和有效管理,"公地悲剧"很难避免。

Traditional rural urbanization led by industry brings about many problems such as farmland reduction, environment pollution and hollow village. Can tourism avoid the disadvantages of former urbanization and become a path of new form urbanization？ Firstly, this paper describes the process of tourism development in different stages in Licun village, and points out that Licun village have achieved the transition of occupational structure, pattern of production and living, ideology. Next, through theoretic explanation, it proves under the driving force of resource and leisure demand, tourism can take the lead in rural urbanization through the effective mechanism of host- guest interaction, demand- supply relationship and demonstration effect. And this kind of urbanization is a ＂green＂ path of urbanization which can avoid the disadvantages in traditional urbanization. At the same time, this paper summarizes problems such as infrastructure stortage, construction disorder and discordant landscape in current stage, and points out that the former ＂tolerant＂ policy from government indeed plays a positive role in the realization of rural urbanization. However, without powerful involvement and effective management of the government, this from- bottom- to- top form of rural urbanization is difficult to avoid ＂tragedy of commons＂.