基于结构与功能安全性的景观生态安全时空变化——以人工园林大面积种植区西盟县为例

Spatio-temporal changes of landscape eco-security based on structure and function safety: A case study of a large artificial forest planted area in Ximeng county, China

受人类活动强度干扰,大面积人工园林种植区景观结构趋于均质性,仅从景观结构方面分析很难反映景观生态安全性,需将景观功能纳入到景观生态安全研究中才能系统、客观地体现景观生态安全变化特征。以景观干扰度和景观脆弱度作为景观结构安全指数,引入生态系统服务价值作为景观功能安全指数,构建景观生态安全模型,将安全度从低到高分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,分析2000-2010年西盟县景观生态安全时空变化特征。结果表明:1建立的景观生态安全模型能有效反映景观类型的生态安全性,大小排序为有林地>橡胶林>桉树林>水域>茶园>灌木林>水田>草地>旱地>建设用地。2大面积人工园林的种植使得西盟县景观生态安全由Ⅲ级向Ⅰ和Ⅱ级发生转换,全区景观生态安全降低,但仍保持于中等水平。3西盟县景观生态安全空间差异显著,整体呈现东北、东南部高,西北、西南低的分布格局。中课乡景观生态安全性最好,而勐梭镇安全性最差。

Landscape structure of a large artificial forest planted area tends to be homogeneous by the intensive disturbance of human activities, and the landscape function has been greatly changed as well as landscape structure. Therefore, it is particularly important to introduce landscape function into landscape ecological security research, which can reflect the change characteristics of landscape ecological security systematically and objectively. Taking Ximeng county, a large artificial forest planted area as the study area, this paper established a landscape ecological security model by landscape structure safety index and landscape function safety index. The landscape structure safety index consists of landscape interference degree and landscape fragile degree, and landscape function safety index consists of ecosystem service value. Then spatiotemporal changes of landscape eco- security in Ximeng from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed by dividing the security degree into three levels from low to high：Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ level.The results showed that： 1） The landscape ecological security model can effectively reflect the ecological safety of every landscape type, and the order of ecological safety degree of landscape type in 2010 is forest〉rubber〉waters〉shrubbery〉paddy field〉grassland〉dry land〉construction land. 2） The plantation of large area of artificial forest in the past 10 years has caused the levels of landscape ecological security in Ximeng converted from Ⅲ to Ⅰ and Ⅱ.The ecological security degree in the whole county decreased but still stayed at an intermediate level. 3） The landscape ecological security in Ximeng is significantly different in space, which presents an overall pattern of ＂high in northeast and southeast, and low in northwest and southwest＂. Landscape ecological security of Zhongke village is the best, while that of Mengsuo village is the worst.