合成甲醇铜基催化剂及制备工艺研究进展

Research progress in Cu-based catalysts for methanol synthesis and their preparation technology

合成甲醇大型化装置主要使用铜基催化剂,并且铜基催化剂类型、助催化剂和制备工艺等对甲醇收率影响较大。合成甲醇铜基催化剂主要分为Cu-Zn、Cu-Zn-Cr、Cu-Zn-Al、Cu-Zr以及其他类,Cu-Zn-Al催化剂性能优异,是当代甲醇生产技术主要采用的催化剂。碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属、稀土金属和非金属元素对合成甲醇催化剂的活性、选择性和稳定性表现出不同作用。沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、燃烧法、机械混合法和骨架合成法等是制备铜基催化剂的有效方法,工业上制备合成甲醇催化剂主要采用沉淀法。针对合成甲醇大型化装置催化剂的开发,提升催化剂的选择性与稳定性是下一步的研究重点。

Cu-based catalysts were commonly used in large-scale methanol synthesis device, and the cat- alyst types, promoters and preparation process have significant influence on the yield of methanol. Cu-based catalyst for methanol synthesis could be mainly divided into Cu-Zn, Cu-Zn-Cr, Cu-Zn-A1, Cu-Zr and so on. Cu-Zn-A1 catalysts possessed excellent performance, and were used for the main catalyst in contemporary methanol production technology. Alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, rare earth metal and nonmetal elements showed different effects on the activity, selectivity and stability of the catalysts for methanol synthesis. The effective preparation methods of Cu-based catalysts were precipitation method, sol-gel method, combustion method, mechanical mixing method and skeleton synthesis method, and precipitation method was mainly used for the preparation of methanol synthesis catalyst in industry. As for the development of the catalysts for large-scale methanol synthesis device, the improvement of selectivity and stability of the catalysts were the next research key.