药物过敏和类过敏的临床前评价要求概述

Review on requirements of drug allergy or pseudoallergic reactions in pre-clinical evaluation

药物过敏和类过敏反应是主要的不可预测药物不良反应。过敏反应一般由药物、药物代谢产物或药物添加剂的免疫原性引起;类过敏反应可能是由药物刺激或激活炎症介质的释放而引起的。药物过敏和类过敏反应的临床前评价属于免疫毒性评价的范畴。由于不同类型过敏和类过敏反应的发生机制不同,目前没有任何一种体内或体外方法可以预测所有类型的反应。近年来FDA,SFDA,OECD,ICH,WHO等颁布了一系列针对药物免疫毒性临床前评价的指导原则,但目前关于新药临床前过敏和类过敏反应评价的要求和方法尚未完全统一。该文主要就药物过敏和类过敏的临床前评价要求进行综述。

Drug allergy and pseudoallergic reactions are main adverse drug reactions. Allergy is mainly induced by the immunogenicity of drug, drug metabolic products or drug additive. Pseudoallergic reactions may result from the irritation or activation of inflammatory material release. Prelinical evaluation of drug allergy and pseudoallergic reactions is included in immunotoxicity evaluation. Now there is no in vivo or in vitro method that could predict all kinds of allergy or pseudoallergic reactions due to the different mechanisms. In the past few years, FDA, SFDA OECD, ICH and WHO have published several guidelines on per-clinical immunotoxicity evaluation, however, no agreement has been reached on allergy and pseudoallergic reactions evaluation. This article reviews the requirements of allergy and pseudoallergic reactions in pre-clinical evaluation.