甜玉米秸秆还田对土壤地力与产量、效益的影响

Effects of returning to field of sweet corn straw on soil fertility,yield and benefit

稳定与提高甜玉米产区耕地土壤地力,是实现甜玉米生产持续发展的重要途径。采取甜玉米秸秆直接还田利用的方法,经3年6季试验,对其地力及产量影响的分析结果表明,持续单一施用化肥不利于土壤地力的稳定与产量的提高,实施秸秆还田可以培肥地力、改善土壤酸性条件、提高甜玉米产量。与试验前相比,持续单一施用化肥除土壤速效磷含量有所增加外,土壤有机质、速效氮和速效钾含量分别下降1.08g/kg、1.18 mg/kg、2.47 mg/kg,土壤p H值下降0.15;同等化肥条件下实施单季和双季秸秆还田有机质含量则分别增加0.71、1.29 g/kg,速效氮增加17.15、28.27 mg/kg,速效磷增加0.96、1.73 mg/kg,速效钾增加2.41、5.92mg/kg、土壤p H值提高0.16、0.2,与单一施用化肥处理相比每季平均产量提高7.5%、11.8%,每667 m2增效87.3、117.1元。

Stabilizing and improving the soil fertility of cultivated land in sweet corn region, is an important way to realize the sustainable development of sweet corn production. Trough the test of sweet corn straw directly returning to field after 6 season for 3 years, the results showed that continuous single application of fertilizer was not conducive to the stability of soil fertility and yield improvement, implementation of straw returning could improve fertility and soil acidic conditions, enhance the yield of sweet corn. Compared with the control, in the single application of fertilizer treatment, soil available phosphorus increased, while the contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 1.08 g/kg, 1.18 mg/kg and 2.47 mg/kg respectively, the soil pH decreased by 0.15. The same fertilizer conditions to implement single and double cropping of straw returning, organic matter increased by 0.71 g/kg and 1.29 g/kg, available nitrogen increased by 17.15 mg/kg and 28.27 mg/kg, available phosphorus increased by 0.96 mg/kg and 1.73 mg/kg, available potassium increased by 2.41 mg/kg and 5.92 mg/kg, soil pH increased by 0.16 and 0.2. Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer, the average yield increased by 7.5% and 11.8%, the average income increased by 87.3 Yuan and 117.1 Yuan per 667 m^2.