不同施肥条件下模拟酸雨对小白菜生长品质的影响

Effects of simulated acid rain on growth quality of pakchoi under different fertilization conditions

通过大棚试验,研究在不同酸度模拟酸雨胁迫下,施加无机肥和有机肥对小白菜生长周期叶绿素含量、全氮、全磷、全钾积累量的影响。结果表明,酸雨对小白菜的生长有抑制作用,强酸性酸雨（p H≤3.5）抑制效果更显著,各指标含量在处理后21~28 d积累速率最大,且在成熟期无机肥组大于有机肥组。与CK相比,p H2.5、3.5、4.5、5.6处理的小白菜各指标在收获期损失率表现为,叶绿素含量：无机肥组分别损失27.99%、15.29%、7.94%、1.09%;有机肥组分别损失25.39%、7.43%、0.18%、-2.45%;全氮积累量：无机肥组分别损失47.28%、37.04%、23.58%、8.65%;有机肥组分别损失37.89%、34.93%、23.58%、8.65%;全磷积累量：无机肥组分别损失49.15%、25.84%、-3.54%、-1.69%;有机肥组分别损失46.69%、45.11%、22.15%、14.53%;全钾积累量：无机肥组分别损失55.42%、35.39%、8.26%、6.52%;有机肥组分别损失36.43%、22.62%、9.57%、6.85%。有机肥能减缓酸雨作用下小白菜叶绿素含量的损失;减缓强酸性酸雨作用下氮磷钾积累量的损失,而无机肥能减缓弱酸性酸雨作用下氮磷钾积累量损失。因此,可根据蔬菜种植地区的酸雨酸度情况,选择合适的施肥条件。

A greenhouse cultivation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different fertilization conditions on chlorophyl/, total N, total P, total K accumulation in pakchoi on the whole growth stage under the press of simulated acid rain. The results showed that acid rain had inhibitory effect on the growth of pakchoi. Strong acidity of acid rain （pH ≤ 3.5） had stronger inhibitory effect. The accumulation rates of indices were the highest from the 21st to the 28th day, and higher in inorganic fertilizer treatment in the mature period. Compared with the control group, the loss rates of indices at harvest period of pakehoi treated with simulated acid rain at pH 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.6 were as follows： for chlorophyll content, the inorganic treatment had 27.99%, 15.29%, 7.94%, 1.09%, the organic treatment had 25.39%, 7.43%, 0.18%, -2.45%）; for total N, the inorganic treatment had 47.28%, 37.04%, 23.58%, 8.65%, the organic treatment had 37.89%, 34.93%, 23.58%, 8.65%; for total P, the inorganic treatment had 49.15%, 25.84%, -3.54%, -1.69%, the organic treatment had 46.69%, 45.11%, 22.15%, 14.53%; for total K, the organic treatment had 55.42%, 35.39%, 8.26%, 6.52%, the organic treatment had 36.43%, 22.62%, 9.57%, 6.85%. Inorganic fertilizer could slow down the chlorophyllloss and NPK accumulation loss of pakchoi under stress of simulated acid rain, while organic fertilizer could slow down the NPK accumulation loss of pakchoi under stress of weak acid rain. According to the acidity situation of acid rain in vegetable growing areas, the appropriate fertilizer to maximize production could be selected.