心理干预及行为管理对预防糖尿病足的效果观察

Effect observation of psychological intervention and behavioral management on preventing diabetic foot

目的探讨预防糖尿病足的有效措施,减少糖尿病足的发生。方法选择我科2014年3月1日~4月30日符合入选条件且自愿参与研究的2型糖尿病出院患者100例,随机分为干预组和对照组,各50例,管理1年。对照组进行常规护理,干预组在此基础上实施心理干预和强化行为管理,采用阶段性评估、总结、分析的方法,对两组患者的观察结果进行统计分析。结果两组患者的心理状态均有所改善,SDS、SAS程度均有所下降,干预组更为显著;干预组自护管理行为达成率更优于对照组;干预组糖尿病足患病率为0,对照组为10%;以上两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对糖尿病患者及早实施心理干预和行为管理对糖尿病足的预防和治疗有重要意义。

Objective To explore effective measures to prevent diabetic foot in order to reduce the occurrence of dia- betic foot. Methods One hundred patients with type-2 diabetes discharged from our department from March 1st to April thirty 2014 who met the inclusion criteria and voluntarily participated in the study were selected and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group, with 50 patients in each group. The patients were manged for 1 year. The control group was given conventional nursing and the intervention group was given psychological interven- tion and enhanced behavioral management on the basis of the control group. Evaluation, summarization and analysis by stage were used to compare and analyze the observation results of the two groups statistically. Results Both groups of patients improved in the psychological status and decreased in SDS and SAS degrees, but the intervention group changed more significantly. The intervention group was better than the control group in the rate of completing self- nursing management behavior. The prevalence rate of diabetic foot of the intervention group was 0 and that of the control group was 10%. The two groups were statistically different in all the above items（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Early implemen- tation of psychological intervention and behavioral management among the diabetic patients is of important significance to the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot.