先天性眼底病视力损害阅读功能研究

The reading ability of visual impairment resulting from congenital fundus diseases

目的了解先天性眼底病致低视力青少年的阅读功能特点，为低视力康复工作提供参考。方法在泉州市盲校及我院2012年5月～2014年12月低视力门诊中。选取先天性眼底病致低视力组（眼底病组）30例和先天性白内障术后人工晶体眼致低视力组（白内障组）31例，进行常规眼科检查，分别使用光学及电子助视器进行助视阅读，测试阅读速度并采用独立样本t检验对结果进行统计学分析。结果两组低视力青少年的双眼最佳视力及双眼对比敏感度视力，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。眼底病组中有13例（43.3％）而白内障组31例（100％）可以使用光学助视器助视阅读（χ2=25．354，P〈0．05）。所有患者均可以使用电子助视器阅读。眼底病组与白内障组使用电子助视器的阅读速度差异无统计学意义（t=1．074，P〉0．05），但是放大倍率差异有统计学意义（t=2．103，P〈0．05），眼底病组需要更大的放大倍率。结论先天性眼底病致低视力青少年可以通过使用电子助视器提高阅读能力。而相对先天性白内障术后人工晶体眼所致低视力患者，前者需要更多的视力储备。

Objective To provide guidelines for low visual rehabilitation by studying the peculiarity of reading ability in low vision adolescents resulting from congenital fundus diseases. Methods The low vision adolescents were selected from Quanzhou school for the blind and low visual outpatient service in our hospital from May 2012 to December 2014. They were divided into two groups： congenital fundus disease group （fundus group,n=30） and congenital cataract after intraocular lens implantation group （cataract group, n=31） .They were taken routine eye examinations. By using optical visual aids or electronic visual aids, they read and their reading speeds were measured. The results were analyzed by using Independent-Samples t test. Results The difference in binocular visual acuity or binocular contrast sensitivity visual acuity was not statistically significant （P〉0.05）. 13 patients（43.3%） in fundus group could read by using opti cal aids, while in cataract group, 31 patients （100%） could make it（χ2=25.354,P〈0.05）. All patients could read by using electronic aids. The difference between two groups in reading speed was not statistically significant （t=1.074,P〉 0.05） when using electronic aids, but the difference in enlargement ratio was significant （t=2.103, P〈0.05）. High en- largement ratio was needed in fundus group. Conclusion The electronic visual aids are more effective in improving the reading ability of low vision adolescents resulting from congenital fundus diseases, who need more acuity reserve than low vision adolescents resulting from congenital cataract after intraocular lens implantation.