孕妇围生期营养健康教育对孕妇膳食行为的影响

Effect of nutrition health education in perinatal period on dietary behavior of pregnant women

目的 分析孕妇围生期营养健康教育对孕妇膳食行为的影响,以指导孕妇合理膳食,促进母儿健康。方法 选取2014年1月~2015年1月在我院接受孕检、并要进行住院分娩的孕产妇300例,根据孕妇是否自愿参加围生期营养指导将其分为两组,对照组和观察组,各150例。对孕妇围生期营养认知与膳食行为、妊娠36周末孕妇的营养及妊娠状况进行分析比较。结果 在孕20周末、孕28周末及孕36周末时进行营养认知和膳食行为两组评分情况比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=3.973,P〈0.05;t=8.794,P〈0.01;t=16.775,P〈0.01）。孕妇妊娠36周末的营养、妊娠情状况结果显示,观察组总体并发症发生率明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（x2=3.836,P〈0.05）。胎儿偏大、胎儿生长受限、无营养性疾病观察组均明显优于对照组,两组比较差异显著（x2=4.566、3.897、3.426,P均〈0.05）。结论 孕妇围生期营养健康教育能明显改善孕妇的营养认知水平和膳食行为习惯,并能明显减少围生期并发症、胎儿发育不良等情况,有效促进母体和胎儿健康。

Objective To analyze the effect of nutrition health education in perinatal period on dietary behavior of pregnant women so as to guide a reasonable diet of pregnant women and improve the mothers＇ and children＇s health. Methods 300 pregnant women who were received pregnant test and hospital delivery from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected. They were allocated to the control group and the observation group according to that whether pregnant women voluntarily accepted nutrition guidance in the perinatal period with 150 in each. Nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of pregnant women in perinatal period, nutrition and pregnancy status after pregnancy of 36 weekends were analyzed and compared. Results Nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior scores at 20 weeks of pregnancy, 28 weeks of pregnancy and 36 weeks of pregnancy in the two groups were compared. The differences were statistically significant （t=3.973,P 〈 0.05;t=8.794, P 〈 0.01; t=16.775, P 〈 0,01）. Nutrition and pregnancy status at 36 weeks of pregnancy showed that the total incidence rate of complications in the Observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant （x^2= 3.836, P 〈 0.05）. Fetus was too large, fetal growth restriction and no nutritional diseases in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group. The differences were significant （x^2 = 4.566, 3.897, 3.426, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Nutrition health education in perinatal period of pregnant women can significantly improve nutrition knowledge level and dietary behavior of pregnant women. In addition, it can significantly reduce complications in perinatal period and fetal dysplasia et.al and it can effectively improve mothers＇ and children＇s health.