不同膨润土施用量对旱作农田土壤保水能力和燕麦产量的影响

Effect of Different Bentonite on Soil Capacity of Water-holding and Oats Yield in Rainfed Field

为明确膨润土对旱作地区土壤保水能力及燕麦的增产效果。以燕麦‘坝莜一号’为材料,设不施膨润土（CK）,4其他膨润土处理6 000kg·hm^-2（D1）、12 000kg·hm^-2（D2）、18 000kg·hm^-2（D3）、24 000kg·hm^-2（D4）、30 000kg·hm^-2（D5）共6个处理,于2011年播种前一次性施入,之后几年不再施入,研究膨润土对燕麦生长及土壤物理性状的影响。结果表明,施用膨润土均可不同程度的改善土壤性状,增加降雨入渗,提高土壤持水能力,最终实现燕麦增产。对0-60cm土层的土壤体积质量、土壤含水量影响较为明显;施用膨润土可减缓苗期土壤水分蒸发,随土层深度的增加,处理间的差值范围减小;施用膨润土均不同程度提高水分利用率1.57%~16.17%,提高燕麦籽粒产量0.53%~11.53%。

The purpose of the study is to make clear the effect of the bentonite on soil capacity of water-holding and oats yield in rain-fed area,with oat variety‘Bayou No.1＇as the material,the six treatments such as CK）,6 000kg·hm^-2（D1）,12 000kg·hm^-2（D2）,18 000kg·hm^-2（D3）,24 000kg·hm^-2（D4）,30 000kg·hm^-2（D5）was set,and it were applied once time in 2011,and were not applied several years after 2011,the effect of bentonite on oat growth and soil physical characteristics,was studied.The results showed that the application of bentonite improved soil properties at different level,increased rainfall infiltration,improved soil water-holding capacity,finally realized the oatmeal production.The effect of soil volme mass,soil water content in 0-60 cm soil layer more obvious.Application of bentonite slowed soil water evaporation in seeding stage,and with the increase of soil depth,the range of the difference between decreased;bentonite increased water use efficiency by1.57%to 16.17%,the oats grain yield by 0.53%to 11.53%.