论我国油气田污水监管制度的完善——以美国的实践为借鉴

On the Perfection of Oil- Gas Field Sewage Regulation in China:Taking the Practice of the United States for Reference

加强能源生产的环境监管是生态文明建设的重要要求。油气田污水业已成为油气生产中的主要废水来源。然而,我国的油气田污水监管制度存在侧重外排控制而忽视回注监管;重事后救济而轻过程监管;依赖行业自律而缺乏强制性规范等问题。相对而言,美国有着较为严格的油气田污水监管制度。基于我国油气田污水监管制度的问题和美国的监管经验,我国需要从建立油气田污水回注监管制度以及鼓励油气田污水循环利用2个方面完善油气田污水监管制度,从而填补监管漏洞,实现合理有效的油气田污水处理,预防和减轻油气开采造成的环境损害。

To strengthen the environmental regulation of energy production is an important requirement for the construction of ecological civilization. Oil - gas field sewage has already become a main source of wastewater in oil and gas production. However, a few problems exist in the environmental regulation system of oil - gas field sewage in China, such as ignoring the reinjection regulation, emphasizing post - relief while neglecting process regulation, and relying on industry self- discipline while lacking mandatory standards. By contrast, the United States has a more strict regulation system of oil - gas field sewage. Based on this regulation system in China and the regulatory experience by the United States, China needs to improve its oil - gas field sewage regulation system through establishing the reinjection regulation system and encouraging the recycling of oil - gas field sewage, so as to fill the regulatory loopholes, realize the reasonable and effective treatment of oil - gas field sewage, and prevent and mitigate environment damages caused by oil and gas exploitation.