鸠摩罗什破戒的思想渊源与历史影响

The Reasons for Kumarajiva's Breaking of His Religious Precept and the Historical Influence

鸠摩罗什的破戒一直是古今学者和僧人关注的问题,在中国佛教史上产生较大影响,也形成了各种不同的看法。但是很少有人对破戒的思想渊源去深究。从各种文献记载来看,他的破戒一方面与个人主观因素有关,另一方面也有着这种思想产生的客观因素。鸠摩罗什东来前生活和学习佛法所处的西域印度的佛教社会环境,是他后来的破戒发生的重要思想来源因素。同时小乘佛教经典的一些思想,仍然在鸠摩罗什的身上留有痕迹,我们不能以当时内地佛教僧人的戒律遵守标准来看待当时西域和印度僧人的思想状况,这样可以让我们对破戒问题有一个客观的认识。

Kumarajiva＇ s breaking of his religious precept has been an issue which arouses the interest of many scholars both in the past and now, both in China and abroad. Views vary concerning this matter. But few people bother to study the reasons of the breaking. This paper holds that Kumarajiva＇ s breaking lies in both his personal subjective factors and objective factors. We can get a good understanding of the problem from his early life and in his learning environment of Western regions and India.