北美汉学中国诗学研究中的结构主义方法措用

The Structuralism Method Used by North American Sinologistsin the Study of Chinese Poetics

结构主义作为二十世纪下半叶最常用来分析语言、文化与社会的研究方法之一,自然被北美汉学家们在进行中国诗学思想研究时所措用。从上个世纪70年代末开始,一直延续到90年代初,以高友工、宇文所安和倪豪士为代表的一批北美的汉学家在对中国文学和文论的研究过程中呈现出较为明显的对于结构主义理论的引述和借鉴的痕迹。北美汉学家们对于结构主义方法的措用与对中国文学思想的实证性研究结合在一起,并由此产生出了一些新的问题意识及对旧的结论的突破。

Structuralism is one of the most commonly used methods in the second half of the 20th century in analyzing language, culture and society. It is naturally used by the North American Sinologist in the field of study of Chinese poetic thoughts. From the 70＇ s to the early 90＇ s, Sinologists like Yu-Kung Kao, Stephen Owen and William Nienhauser cited structuralist theories and used structuralist methods in their study of Chinese literature and literary theory, which has greatly influenced the perspective and angle of sinological studies in the long run. Combining structuralist method with empirical research in their studies of Chinese literary thoughts, those north American Sinologists thus produced an awareness of the breakthroughs of the old conclusion from new problems.