阿尔泰山南坡种子植物区系特点分析

Analysis on Characteristics of Flora in South Slope of Altai Mountain

阿尔泰山脉地处亚洲中部,斜跨中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦四国国境,生态环境良好,植物资源丰富。本文在查阅文献资料的基础上,结合野外实地调查,比较了中国新疆、俄罗斯、蒙古及哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰山野生种子植物的种类、组成及其分布区类型的差异,分析了四地阿尔泰山野生种子植物的相似性与差异性。结果显示：（1）四地阿尔泰山野生种子植物资源丰富,按丰富度大小依次为：俄罗斯阿尔泰山〉蒙古阿尔泰山〉中国新疆阿尔泰山〉哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰山。（2）含1种和2～10种的科和属在四地阿尔泰山的科和属种都具有绝对优势。（3）四地阿尔泰山种子植物科的分布区类型均以世界分布型和北温带分布型为主;在属级水平上,以北温带分布型、旧世界温带分布型、世界分布型和地中海、西亚至中亚分布型为主。（4）四地阿尔泰山种子植物科和属的相似性系数都超过了50%,说明四地阿尔泰山的亲缘关系密切。研究表明,四地阿尔泰山种子植物区系存在一定的差异,中国新疆阿尔泰山对整个阿尔泰山的各个植物区系的接触、混合和特化起桥梁作用。

The Altai Mountain is situated in the heart of Asia on the state borders between China, Russia Federation, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and has good ecological environment and rich in plant resources.Based on consulting of specimen and filed investigation, the difference in species, composition and areal types of seed plants of China Xinjiang Altai Mountain, Russia Altai Mountain,Mongolia Altai Mountains and Kazakhstan Altai Mountains were compared and similarity of seed plants among four regions was analyzed.Results showed that：（1）The resources of wild seed plant are rich in the four Altai Mountain.Descending by the richness in turn：Russia Altai Mountains〉 Mongolia Altai Mountains〉 China Xinjiang Altai Mountains〉 Kazakhstan Altai Mountains.（2）Family and genus containing 1 and 2-10 species predominate at family and genus level in the four places.（3）The areal type of family of seed plants in four Altai Mountain is mainly Cosmopolitan and N.Temp.types, and at the genus level it is mainly N.Temp.Types.,Cosmopolitan, OW Temp.,Medit., W.As.to C.As.Types.（4） Similarity coefficient of seed flora in four Altai Mountain regions at family and genus levels is more than 50%, which meant the high similarity of seed plant flora between each other.It is suggested that there are difference in the four places of Altai Mountain.The Altai Mountain of China Xinjiang as a bridge for the all flora contacts, mix and serve.