不同身份的抚养者对幼儿亲子依恋发展的影响研究

The Impact Study of Caregivers’ Identity on the Development of Preschoolers’ Attachment

本研究通过问卷法对185名3～6岁幼儿的亲子依恋发展水平及特点进行调查，以探究不同身份的抚养者对幼儿亲子依恋发展的影响。结果显示：（1）幼儿亲子依恋总体发展水平较高，其中“与家人的关系”得分最高，“一般行为倾向”“与生人的关系”次之。（2）抚养者身份对于幼儿亲子依恋发展具有显著影响，主要由（外）祖父母抚养的幼儿亲子依恋发展水平显著高于主要由父母抚养的幼儿。（3）抚养者身份对幼儿“与家人的关系”和“与生人的关系”均有显著影响，但对幼儿“一般行为倾向”的影响较小。

Using questionnaire, the authors investigated 185 children aged 3-6 for their level and characteristics of attachment to study the impact of caregivers＇ identity on the development of preschoolers＇ attachment. The results show that （1） the overall level of attachment is above average with the dimension ＂relationship with family＂ scoring the highest, followed by ＂general behavior＂ and ＂relationship with strangers＂; （2） there is a very significant difference of the overall level of attach- ment between different caregivers＇ identity, children with grandparents as the primary caregivers scored significantly higher than those with parents as the primary caregivers; （3） caregivers＇ identity has significant impact on children＇s ＂relationship with family＂ and ＂relationship with strangers＂, but less on ＂general behavior＂.