天然植物多糖分离纯化技术研究现状和进展

Review on Extraction and Purification Technology of Polysaccharides from Natural Plants

植物多糖因具有抗肿瘤、增强免疫、抗氧化等功效而备受关注,多糖的分离纯化是多糖结构和生物活性研究的首要前提。本文系统介绍了传统的水提醇沉法以及酶提取法、超声波辅助提取法、超临界流体萃取法、超高压提取技术微波辅助提取法和双水相萃取等新技术,对其分离原理、处理方式和效果进行分析比较和综述;从物理分离方式、分子间作用力及化学性质分离的角度,综述植物粗多糖分离和纯化方法及途径,为天然植物中多糖的分离纯化和综合利用提供参考。

Increasing attentions have been paid to the natural polysaccharides because of their numerous bioactivities,such as anti-tumor,enhance immunity and antioxidant.The isolation and purification were the primary process for the further study on the structure and bioactivity of natural polysaccharides.In this paper,the isolation of natural polysaccharides in ways of traditional hot water extraction,enzymatic extraction,ultrasonic assisted extraction,supercritical fluid extraction,ultrahigh pressure extraction technology,microwave assisted extraction and aqueous two-phase extraction were comprehensively introduced.In addition,the further separation and purification methods were also reviewed based on mechanism of the purify process,including physical separation,intermolecular force and chemical purification.It provided foundational and valuable reference information for further investigation and efficient utilization of natural polysaccharides.