华玆华斯《颂诗:忆幼年而悟永生》的儿童哲学意蕴

Child Philosophy in William Wordsworth's Ode:Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood

1802年3月,华玆华斯围绕"儿童"或"童年"主题,进行了井喷式写作。《颂诗:忆幼年而悟永生》就是其中最为重要的诗篇。该诗认为,与成人相比,儿童是"最好的哲学家";与儿童相比,成人是盲人,而儿童是"盲人中间的明眼人"。类似观点不一而足。于是,一种崭新而令人敬畏的儿童形象凸现于历史舞台,一种与传统相悖的儿童与成人的新关系建立起来。《颂诗》是时代精神在儿童观方面的杰出体现。《颂诗》自问世以来,其被接受度不断上升,以至进入20世纪后,评论家中不乏热情的讴歌者。遗憾的是,该诗的儿童哲学意蕴还未被充分发现、发掘。其实,《颂诗》堪称一部煌煌儿童哲学巨著。

In March 1802, William Wordsworth had a series of blowout writing on the ＂child＂ or ＂childhood＂ theme, in which Ode： Intimations of Immortality from collections of Early Childhood is the most important poem. The poem considers that children, compared with adults, are the ＂best Philoso- pher＂; adults, compared with children, are the blind, while children are ＂these who can see among the blind＂. So, a new image of the formidable child appears and shows on the stage of history, a new relation- ship against the tradition between children and adults is set up as well. This poem is an outstanding mani- festation of the zeitgeist in the view of children. Since the advent of this poem, its acceptance is rising con- stantly, and it has had a lot of passionate admirers from the beginning of the 20th century. Unfortunately, its implications for child philosophy has not been fully investigated and discovered so far. In fact, the poem is a brilliant masterpiece of child philosophy.