养猪业结构变迁下散养户退出的特征及原因分析——基于四川省乐山市274户农户的调查

Characteristics and Causes of Backyard Farmers' Exit from the Structurally Changing Hog Industry:Based on the Survey to 274 Farmers in Leshan City, Sichuan Province

散养农户大规模退出生猪养殖业是当前的一个普遍现象。本文通过对四川省乐山市274户农户的问卷调查,分析生猪散养户退出的特征与原因。结果表明:年轻农户和高收入农户更倾向于退出生猪养殖业;经济发达地区较之经济落后地区农户退出率更高;猪价太低、猪价波动大、饲料价格高、养猪亏损、疫病难以控制等风险因素是造成散养农户快速退出的根本原因。另外,经营非农项目、饲养者健康不佳和年龄偏大、得不到技术服务、资金支持等因素也在一定程度上助推了农户退出。

The backyard farmers are massively exiting the pig industry at present. This paper analyzes the characteristics and reasons of backyard farmers＇ exit, based on 274 household questionnaires in Leshan City, Sichuan Province. The results show that： the farmers with young age, high income are more inclined to exit hog production; the farmers in developed region are more inclined to exit than farmers in backward region; the factors influencing the risk and income of hog production, such as the low and volatile hog prices, the high feed prices and the frequently disease, are the root causes for farmers＂ exit; in addition, other factors, such as engagement in non-agricultural industries, old age and poor health of breeders, lack of technical services, financial support and so on, to some extent, also prompt hog farmers to quit.