民国时期中国高校发展路向的转变及其启示——以高校数量、分布和类型为中心

The Transition and Enlightenment of Development Orientation of Universities in the Republic of China——Centered on the Quantities,Distributions and Types in Universities

民国时期中国高校的发展大致可以划分为两个阶段。1927年以前,中国高校呈现出无序发展的局面,这突出表现为高校盲目滥设,高校分布严重失衡,文科高校畸形扩张。1927年以后,国民政府围绕社会需要、国家建设和区域特点,力行整顿高校,重点发展西部高校,扩充工农医药高校;民国时期中国高校遂从无序发展转变成有序发展。而国民政府的这一系列调整措施一定程度上提升了当时高校的办学品质,也为当下我国推动高等教育内涵式发展提供了宝贵的启示。

From 1912 to 1927, the situation of development of Chinese universities was disorder, which was showed in the imbalance of universities distribution and the blind expansion in liberal arts. After 1928, the National government was determined to straighten out the blind development of universities. Based on what had done before, the government also decided to develop universities in the western areas and enlarge the universities by adding technology, agriculture, medicine. Therefore, the universities gradually showed the state of order. During this process, according to the social requirements and national construction and the feature of regions, the National government had improved the qualities of uni- versities in the Republic of China by means of administrative regulation and control. Such kind of improvement in universities in that time can also provide us with precious experience in making our modern universities step to a higher level.