北京市西城区学龄前儿童遭受家长躯体虐待状况

Investigation of physical maltreatment by parents / caregivers in 842 preschool children

目的了解家长对学龄前儿童躯体虐待行为的发生情况,为促进幼儿园及社区逐步建立儿童躯体虐待伤害早期预防、监测和干预机制提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对北京市西城区5所幼儿园小、中、大班3个年级全体儿童的家长进行无记名自填式问卷调查。结果在被调查的842名学龄前儿童家长中,最近1 a里,有65.2%的家长对孩子实施过躯体虐待,分别有34.1%和56.4%的家长实施过非接触性体罚和接触性躯体虐待伤害;轻度接触性躯体虐待发生率为55.8%,重度接触性躯体虐待发生率为8.7%。男童躯体虐待伤害报告率(69.4%)高于女童(59.8%)(χ2=7.5,P<0.01);有童年期受虐待经历的父母对子女的躯体虐待行为报告率(69.8%)明显高于童年期无受虐待经历的父母(49.7%)(χ2=34.1,P<0.01)。结论北京市西城区家长对学龄前儿童躯体虐待行为较为普遍;男童、父母童年期受过虐待可能是学龄前儿童躯体虐待的危险因素。

Objective To understand the prevalence of physical maltreatment by parents/caregivers among preschool chil- dren and to explore the relevant factors of physical violence by parents/caregivers. Methods By anonymous and self-administered questionnaire, 842 preschool children＂ s parents/caregiver from five kindergartens in Xicheng District of Beijing were surveyed. Results Of 842 parents/caregivers, the prevalence of physical maltreatment against children in the past year was 65.2%. The ratio of no-contact corporal punishment and contact physical violence was 34.1% and 56.4% （minor violence 55.8%, severe violence 8.7%） , respectively. Boys（69.4%） were more likely to be physical abused by their parents/caregivers than girls（59.8%） （X2= 7.5 ,P〈0.01 ）. It was more probable for parents who had childhood maltreated experiences （69.8%） other than those who had not （49.7%） （X2= 34.1 ,P〈0.01 ）. Conehmion The physical maltreatment by parents/caregivers is common among preschool children. The potential risk factors may be boys and parents who had history of being abused.