外科医师职业倦怠的现状调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of the status of occupational burnout among surgeons

目的了解临床外科医师职业倦怠的总体现状。方法依据随机抽样原则,采用工作倦怠问卷中国版量表对中国东部、中部、西部三个地区不同省市的9家医院602名临床外科医师进行职业倦怠调查及分析。结果外科医师中有33.89%(204/602)轻度倦怠,32.06%(193/602)中度倦怠,5.48%(33/602)重度倦怠;各维度,27.41%(165/602)情感耗竭,45.18%(272/602)人格解体,41.86%(252/602)成就感降低。外科医师的职业倦怠在性别、年龄、职称、工作年限之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而在地区、婚姻、学历、医院等级之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论外科医师的总体职业倦怠情况严重,防治工作应关注高学历、三级医院及离婚、丧偶的单身外科医师,并根据不同地区的外科医师特点制定相关政策。

Objective To measure the status of occupational burnout among surgeons in China in a cross-sectional survey. Methods According to random sampling methods,602 cases of clinical surgeons selected from different 9 hospitals in regions of east China and mid-west China were assessed and analyzed with the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory(CMBI). Results 33. 89% of all surgeons(204 / 602) experienced mild occupational burnout,and 32. 06%(193 / 602)experienced moderate burnout,5. 48%(33 / 602)severe burnout. Among all surgeons,27. 41%(165 / 602)were with high scores on emotional exhaustion(EE),and 45. 18%(272 / 602)with high scores on deper-sonalization(DP),41. 86%(252 / 602)on reduced personal accomplishment(RPA). There was no significant difference in the characteris-tic factors of sex,age,technical title,working seniority with regard to occupational burnout among surgeons(P ﹥ 0. 05). On the contrary, there were significant differences among region,marriage,educational background and hospital grade of these surgeons(P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclu-sion The status of occupational burnout among surgeons is serious in general,and more attention should be paid to those highly educated, divorced or widowed surgeons who work in tertiary hospitals so as to prevent and treat their occupational burnout. Then,related policies should also be developed according to the features of different regions.