不同调控方式对设施盐渍化土壤特性和番茄产量及品质的影响

Effects of regulatory measures on characters of greenhouse saline soil and tomato yield and quality

针对南方地区设施土壤盐渍化问题,通过连续3年的定位观测,研究了不同调控方式对设施盐渍化土壤特性和番茄产量及品质的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖、土壤结构调理剂和保水剂3种调控方式均有效降低了耕层土壤盐分,脱盐效果的优劣次序为秸秆覆盖>土壤结构调理剂>保水剂。3种调控方式均不同程度地提高了土壤有机质含量,其中秸秆覆盖处理各时期土壤有机质含量均明显高于其他调控方式。3种调控方式下土壤速效氮含量呈上升趋势,而土壤结构调理剂不利于保留土壤中的速效磷和速效钾。各时期秸秆覆盖处理番茄产量最高。然而,各时期番茄品质均以对照最佳,土壤保水剂处理次之,秸秆覆盖处理前2年番茄品质较差,第3年有较大改善。投影寻踪分类模型计算结果表明,秸秆覆盖处理为综合效益最优的调控方式,投影值达2.450 6,保水剂处理综合效益相对较差。

Aiming at greenhouse soil salinization in south of China, different regulatory methods were applied to study the characters of greenhouse saline soils and tomato yield and quality through a 3-year continuous field experiment in fixed position. Results showed that three regulatory methods including straw mulching, soil structure conditioner and water-retaining agent decreased the surface soil salinity, and the desalinization effects was the best by straw mulching. All three regulatory measures elevated surface soil organic matter, straw mulching outperforming other two. Available N content was improved by three regulatory measures, and soil structure conditioner could not effectively retain soil available P and K. To-mato yield with straw mulching treatment at all time was the highest. However, CK presented the best tomato quality during experimental periods, followed by water-retaining agent treatment. Tomato quality with straw mulching treatment in the first two years was poor and improved dramatically in the third year. Calculation results of projection pursuit model showed that the straw mulching was the excellent regulatory method for its comprehensive performance with <br> the projection value reaching 2. 450 6.