一种区域覆盖遥感卫星椭圆轨道设计方法

A Elliptical Orbit Design Method of Remote Sensing Satellite for Regional Coverage Task

在航天遥感任务分析与设计过程中,特殊类型轨道(太阳同步轨道、回归轨道等)是卫星轨道设计的重要选择。当前遥感卫星轨道设计研究主要集中于太阳同步、回归的圆轨道设计方面,此类轨道具有全球覆盖、固定重访周期等独特优势,但是,面向热点区域侦察与监控等区域覆盖任务时,太阳同步轨道难以保证对特定目标的高分辨率成像和快速重访。本文针对区域覆盖任务需求,在介绍临界轨道、回归轨道特点基础上,提出了一种椭圆临界回归轨道遥感卫星轨道设计方法,通过引入回归特性定量描述参数,分析了回归系数的影响因素,提出了具有拱线静止特性椭圆轨道的设计流程,并根据区域覆盖要求给出了轨道设计算例,最后椭圆临界回归轨道的特性、适用任务类型进行了分析,算例表明该种轨道可对局部目标实施高分辨率成像,缩短轨道的回归周期,还保证了对同一纬度目标成像时分辨率一致。

Special types of orbit,such as sun-synchronous orbit,regressive orbit,are the first choices for low-orbit opti-cal remote sensing satellite.Currently design of remote sensing satellites orbit focuses on the sun-synchronous regressive circu-lar orbit,which has a unique advantage of global coverage,fixed revisit period.However,when orient to reconnaissance and surveillance mission for specific area,sun-synchronous is difficult to guarantee high-resolution imaging and rapid re-vis-it.Aiming at regional coverage mission requirements,a critical regressive elliptical orbit (CRE orbit)design method is pro-posed in this paper.Firstly,the characteristics and selection principles are briefly introduced;then by introducing a regression coefficient Q and analyzing the quantitative relationship between Q and orbit elements,design flow of CRE orbit is introduced;Thirdly,a calculation example of CRE orbit design is put forward based on proposed method;Finally,the characteristics of CRE orbit and its application task is discussed,the example shows that this kind of orbit can ensure the local targets high-reso-lution imaging,shorten the revisit period with a short revisit period,also maintain the uniformity of imaging resolution for the targets located in the same latitude.