莫言小说《蛙》叙事策略背后的意义迷思

The Confused Thinking on the Meaning behind Narrative Strategy of Novel Frog by Mo Yan

莫言的长篇小说《蛙》看似朴拙无心,实则精雕细琢之作。首先,小说最显著的叙事策略是巴赫金意义上复调叙述的对话性,其中"大型对话"主要表现为"姑姑"在不同历史阶段的主体形象之间所构成的对话性以及小说文本与历史语境之间的对话性;"微型对话"主要体现为由"我"构成的一级叙述和由其他形象构成的二级叙述所组成的两级叙述形式。其次,运用了不可靠叙述:一种情况的不可靠叙述是因叙述人"我"的变形而产生;另一种情况是由二级叙述话语成分的突显所造成,并揭示出当代拟像社会的本质性特征。叙述的对话性和不可靠叙述使文本获得了一种基于丰富性与复杂性的意义迷思,并体现了两种意义的生态性:话语存在形态的生态性和意义存在方式的生态性。这种近乎语言人类学的后结构主义话语立场使《蛙》体现出前所未有的文本实验性。

Mo Yan’s novel Frog seemingly looks like clumsy and unintentional one,but it is created with efforts.First of all,the most significant narrative strategy is the polyphony narrative dialogism from the Bakhtin sense.The great “dialogue”mainly lies in the dialogism of “aunt”main images in different historical stages as well as the dialogism between the novel text and historical context.The tiny “dialogism”is mainly manifested as the one between primary narration constituted by “I”and the secondary narration composed by other images.Second,the unreliable narration is used:one unreliable narration is caused by deformation of the narrative person “I”.Another is caused by the highlight of secondary narrative discourse ingredients,and reveals the essential features of contemporary simulacra society.Narrative dialogism and unreliable narration get a kind of confused thinking based on the complexity and richness,and embodies the ecosystem of the two kinds of meaning:the ecosystem of the discourse existence mode and the ecosystem of the significance existence ways.The post structuralism words position of nearly linguistic anthropology make “frog”reflect the unprecedented experimental text.