苏州地区精神疾病动态分布规律研究

Study on Dynamic Distribution of Mental Illness in Suzhou City

目的了解苏州地区精神疾病动态变化，为制定应对精神疾病的策略和措施提供依据。方法以2002年8月-2010年8月期间苏州市精神病医院精神疾病患者为研究对象（10459例j16770例次），使用SPSS软件包对研究对象的住院信息进行统计分析。结果①人间分布：性别构成中，男女性别比为0．8：1。病人平均年龄42．87岁，分布于5～93岁。女性患者平均年龄（43．37岁）高于男性（42．31岁）。80％以上患者来源于社会底层及因病离职或退休（简称病离退），其中农民26．0%、工人22．1%、病离退19．804、学生12．7％。②空间分布：病源地域分布由多到少居前3位的分别为沧浪区、平江区、金阊区，约占30％。⑧精神疾病类型分布：ICD10前3位编码的疾病中位居前3位的依次为F20精神分裂症（39．5％）、F32抑郁发作（18．7％）、F31双相情感障碍（10．2％），共占68．4％。各类疾病的性别构成不同（P〈0．001），其中神经症、精神病性障碍，女性明显高于男性；而成人人格与行为障碍及活性物质滥用，男性明显高于女性。①住院情况：平均住院次数2．89次，其中住院次数为1次的患者占一半以上。平均住院日71．29天，中位数为44．5天。结论精神科疾病多发于中青年群体，患病仍以精神分裂症为主。随年份变化，女性患者比例呈增长趋势，住院次数呈上升趋势而住院天数呈下降趋势，住院人数呈现季节件规律。

Objectives To know the change of mental illness distribution,which can help to collect basic evidence for the Public Health Administrative Department’s policies and measures making.Methods A convenience sam-pling was adopted and 10 459 mental illness patients from Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital of China in the year of 2002 to 2010 were involved.Variables and especially Frequency,were used and analyzed by SPSS 1 7.0 software.Results 1.Population distribution:Male-female ratio was 0.8.The average age was 42.87 years’old,and it distributed from 5 to 93.Woman’average age was higher than man’s.Among psychiatric inpatients,more than 80% came from the bottom of society and retirees,including peasants (26%),workers (22.1%),retirees (1 9.8%)and students (3.4%).2.Spatial distribution:Source geographic distribution of the top three,respectively at Pingjiang area (1 1.74%),Canglang area (9.5 1%),Gold Chang area(8.58%).3.Type distribution of mental illness:The top three diseases were schizophrenia (39.5%),depression (4.7%)and bipolar disorder (4.8%).The gender composition of all kinds of diseases was different (P < 0.001),of which the neurosis and psychosis disorder,female was significantly higher than male.For adult personality,behavior disorder and active substance abuse,men were significantly higher than women.4.Hospitalizations :The average times of hospitalization was 2.89 times,and more than half of patients were the first time to hospitalize.The median hospitalization days was 44.5 days,and 90% were in 1~98 days.Conclusions As a whole,Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital has a declined length of stay and a rising times of hospitalization in eight years,and hospitalizations show a clear seasonal variation.Mental diseases tend to occur in young and middle-aged groups,and the female ratio shows a growing tendency.