输电线路雷电绕击评估方法分析及展望

Analysis and Prospect of Lightning Shielding Failure Evaluation Methods of Transmission Lines

随着我国超/特高压输电线路建设工程的发展,由雷电绕击引起的跳闸事故愈发频繁,严重影响到超/特高压输变电系统的安全可靠运行。现有的众多雷电绕击评估方法受计算模型和雷电观测手段的限制、以及各种关键性参数与判据的不确定性等因素的影响,无法满足对输电线路雷电屏蔽性能分析准确性的需求。因此,详细阐述了当前各种雷电绕击评估方法的研究现状与进展,归纳了各方法存在的问题,并基于此分析了输电线路雷电绕击评估方法的机遇与发展趋势,指出随着长空气间隙放电理论和雷电观测手段的研究发展,未来关于输电线路雷电绕击评估方法的重点在于根据雷电绕击微观物理过程和相应关键参数的测量,建立更为完善和准确的绕击评估方法,为输电线路差异化防雷工作的开展提供重要的理论支撑。

With the development of EHV/UHV transmission lines in China, trip-out accidents caused by lightning shiel- ding failures become more frequent, which seriously affect the safe and reliable operation of EHV/UHV transmission and distribution system. Many of the existing evaluation methods cannot meet the current requirements of analyzing the lightning shielding performance in transmission lines, owing to the insufficiency of calculation method, the limit of lightning observation, uncertainties of various key parameters, and criteria and so on. In this paper, the research statuses and progresses of current lightning shielding evaluation methods are expounded and their problems are summarized. Moreover, the opportunities and trends of lightning shielding evaluation methods of transmission lines are analyzed. With the development of long air gap discharge and lightning observation, researches on shielding analysis method in future shall focus on making the methods more thorough and accurate on the basis of the physical microscopic processes of shielding and the measurement of key parameters. This will provide important theory supports for the differentiated lightning protection of transmission lines.