山西省不同盆地改水降氟工程现状分析

Status of water-improving and defluoridation projects in disparate basins of Shanxi Province

目的掌握山西省不同盆地改水降氟工程运行及使用现状,为加快地方性氟中毒防治工作提供科学依据。方法对5大盆地43个县地方性氟中毒病区进行改水工程调查,采用氟离子选择电极法检测水氟,SPSS17.0 for windows软件进行统计分析。结果本次共调查了5个盆地43个县(市、区)1 436处降氟改水工程,改水工程类型中打井占97.70%(1403/1436)。正常运行的改水工程为1 243个(占86.56%),大同盆地改水工程报废率达到41.89%(31/74)。在1 373处可运行工程中水氟>1.0 mg/L为765个(占55.72%),不同盆地的降氟改水工程超标情况不同(H=33.22,P<0.01),大同盆地超标严重(P<0.01),超标率达88.37%(38/43)。结论除大同盆地外其他盆地改水降氟工程运行情况总体较好,不同盆地改水工程超标情况差异较大,今后应把大同盆地做为山西省地方性氟中毒防治工作的重点地区。

Objective To master the present status of water-improving and defluoridation projects in disparate basins of Shanxi Province so as to make scientific and effective tactics for the further prevention and control. Methods The investigation points were selected in 43 counties of 5 basins where implement the measures of water-improving and defluoridation. The fluoride levels of water were determined by fluorine ion-selective electrode. The data were analyzed by SPSS17. 0 for windows. Results The primary status was surveyed in 1436 water- improving and defluoridation projects in 43 counties of 5 basins. The resource of drinking water for water-improving and defluoridation projects was mostly ground water（ accounting for 97. 70%）. A total of 1243 projects worked well（ accounting for 86. 56%）,the abandoned projects accounted for 41. 89%（ 31 /74）. Water fluoride content of 1373 water-improving and defluoridation projects had been determined,among which water fluoride content of 765 projects were above 1. 0mg / L（ accounting for 55. 72%）. Status of water fluoride contents above national standard were virous in the five basins（ H = 33. 22,P〈0. 01）. It was serious in Datong basin where the water fluoride was above national standard（ P〈0. 01）and the ration of drinking water fluoride levels above the national standard was 88. 37%（ 38 /43）. Conclusion The water-improving and defluoridation projects are basically running normally except for Datong basin. The improving water status varies dramatically in disparate basins. It is the key areas of Datong basin for endemic fluorosis control in Shanxi Province.