男人还是女人,谁更虔诚?——基于现代西方女性的宗教性研究

Analyzing the Multiple Factors that Account for Czech Reformer John Hus' Death

在深受基督教影响的西方社会,女性在各方面都表现出比男性更具宗教性。马克思认为"宗教信仰根植于经济的脆弱性之中",那么能否用经济或社会环境来解释女性的宗教性?关于身体脆弱性,是因为女性要面对更多的生死场景,所以才更具宗教性吗?如果现代性会逐步抹杀一切脆弱性,那么它对于未来的宗教信仰又意味着什么,又会对女性的宗教性有何种特殊意义?那后现代性又会与它们有怎样的关联?本文将以这些问题为脉络对以往的现代西方女性宗教性研究做一述评。

On July 6,1415,John Hus was sentenced for heresy and burned at stake by the Council of Constance.There are several factors that might account for Hus' death.Firstly,Hus threatened the Roman Church because he stuck to and taught 'heretical' doctrines which differed from the official ones,especially rejecting the belief that the Pope is the head of the church and emphasizing the clergy's morality perfection.Secondly,Hus failed to recognize the reality that the Roman Church was adopting increasingly severe measures against heretics.In addition,he misunderstood the safe conduct issued by the emperor of Holy Roman Empire,lost the protection of secular powers and became the target of the Council of Constance,one of whose purpose was to eliminate heretics.Finally,the Roman Church at different levels played the key role in the whole process of accusing Hus of heresy,and Hus' opponents took the effective strategy of relating Hus to Wyclif,another 'heretic'.