结核分枝杆菌基因分型方法及其应用

The application of genotyping method of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

结核分枝杆菌基因分型是监测结核病流行和传播的有效手段．用于结核病流行病学研究的分型方法已有很多种，但不同的基因分型方法各有特点，应根据不同的研究目的选择合适的方法，或者多种方法结合使用，并结合传统的流行病学资料综合分析可得出可靠结论。结核分枝杆菌分型鉴定技术在研究结核分枝杆菌菌种鉴定、耐药和耐多药检测，以及结核病的病原演变、跟踪和确定传染源、确定流行病学事件、揭示疾病传播机制等方面发挥着重要的作用。同时，此类研究正与新兴的遗传信息学相结合，相应成果能够为更科学地制定结核病防控策略提供依据。

The genotyping of Mycobacteriun tuberculosis （M. tuberculosis） is an effective method to monitor the epidemic and spread of tuberculosis. Many genotyping methods have been used for epidemiological study on tu- berculosis, but different genotyping methods have different features. We should choose the appropriate single me- thod or combin different methods together according to the research purpose, and draw the conclusion associating with the traditional epidemiological data. The identification technique has been playing an important role in strain identification, detection of the drug resistance and multi-drug resistance, pathogen evolution, tracking and determining the source of infection, and the epidemiological events, and revealing the spread of disease mechanisms. In addition, such research is combining with the emerging bioinformatics and genetics and the results could provide the basis of control strategies of TB more scientific.