O～6岁儿童眼眶发育测量

Measurement of orbital development in children from birth to 6 years of age

目的 探讨0～6岁正常儿童的眼眶容积及眼眶发育规律.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集因轻度非骨折外伤于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院急诊就诊,行眼眶CT检查未见异常的0～6岁儿童100例（200只眼）的临床资料.患者年龄0～6岁,按就诊时年龄＜1周岁的记为0岁组,年龄≥1岁且＜2岁的记为1岁组,依此类推,分为7组;其中男、女患者各50例.采用多层螺旋CT影像和计算机软件辅助技术（德国BrainLAB公司的iPlan Cranial软件2.5版本）相结合的方法测量眼眶容积.运用一元线性相关与回归,分析眼眶容积与年龄之间的关系.采用两组独立样本的t检验分析各年龄组男女间眼眶容积的差异.应用双侧配对t检验对左右两侧眼眶容积的差异进行比较.结果 正常儿童出生时平均眼眶容积为（12.57±3.80）cm^3,到6岁时眼眶容积增长为（19.34±1.86）cm3,平均每年增长1.13 cm3.儿童0～6岁其眼眶容积与年龄呈直线正相关,回归方程为：（Y）（眼眶容积）=13.582＋ 1.042×X（年龄）.0～6岁各年龄组男女之间的眼眶容积差异无统计学意义（t=1.073,0.533,1.808,1.039,1.346,0.983,1.774,P＞0.05）.左右两侧眼眶容积的差异无统计学意义（t=1.059,P=0.292）,其发育趋势几乎重叠.结论 0～6岁儿童其眼眶容积与年龄呈直线正相关.0～6岁儿童左右两侧眼眶容积基本相同,且无性别差异.

Objective An evaluation of orbital development in children from birth to 6 years of age was conducted in order to provide normal reference values for clinical use. Methods Retrospective cohort study. By combining multi-section helical computerized tomography （CT） imaging with a computer-aided design system （BrainLAB, Munich, Germany; iPlan Cranial Software, version 2.5）, we measured the orbital volume of 100 emergency children （200 eyes）, who underwent computerized tomography （CT） scanning due to mild injury in Beijing Tongren Hospital and had normal CT findings. From birth to 6 years of age, according to the age of 〈1 years of age for the treatment of 0 year old group, aged 1 years old and 〈2 years old for 1 year old group, and so on, divided into 7 groups. Among the 50 male and female patients, the ages are 0--6 years. All of these were in order to analyze the relationship between the age and orbital volume with unary linear correlation and regression.The comparison of orbital volume between females and males was performed using two independent t-tests. Comparisons of bilateral orbital volumes were performed using a paired t-test. Results The average orbital volume of children was initially （12.57±3.80） cm3 at birth, and then increased to （19.34± 1.86） cm3 at 6 years of age, with an average annual growth of 1.13 cm3. There was a positive linear relationship between orbital volume and age in children from birth to 6 years of age, yielding the regression equation： I？ （orbital volume）=13.582 ＋ 1.042 × X（age）. There is no statistic difference on the orbital volume between boys and girls （t=1.073, 0.533, 1.808, 1.039, 1.346, 0.983, 1.774, P〉0.05）. In addition, no statistic difference was found between the left and right orbital volume（t=1.059, P=0.292）. The growth curves for all groups almost overlapped with each other. Conclusions There is a positive linear relationship between orbital volume and age in children from 0 to 6. The bilateral orbital volumes were almost the same. There is no statistic difference on the orbital volume between boys and girls.