两汉关内侯的爵位继承

The Inheritance of the Title of Guanneihou in the Han Dynasty

西汉关内侯的爵位可以世袭,而东汉关内侯的爵位很少被继承。汉律规定关内侯的爵位继承人、继承顺序一般依据父系血缘关系确定,大多为疾死置后,不仅嫡庶之别分明,而且长幼有序。西汉初期,关内侯的爵位由所有的儿子不均等继承。汉律维护了后子嗣爵及其他儿子部分继承父亲爵位的权益,政府通过保持家庭成员之间的等级差异以协调家庭关系并维护社会秩序。汉代关内侯的爵位继承不仅包括后子嗣爵、绍封继绝两种形式,而且涉及其他三种类型,有助于维护关内侯爵位的稳定传承。两汉关内侯的爵位继承呈现形式多样化的特征,既反映了身份继承法的变迁、爵位继承机制运行的复杂性,又体现了政府重视维护高爵阶层的权益。汉代关内侯的爵位继承权并不完整,主要取决于法律的规范和皇权的支配,部分关内侯因犯罪、无后或皇帝的命令而丧失爵位继承权。

The title of Guanneihou was hereditary in the Western Han Dynasty,but in the Eastern Han Dynasty it was rarely inherited. The legal heirs and the order of succession were based on patrilineal kinship according to the law of the Han Dynasty. In the early Western Han Dynasty,Guanneihou was knighted by all the sons with unequal inheritance. The government succeeded in reconciling family relationships and maintaining social order by keeping the class differences between family members. The title inheritance of Guanneihou in the Han Dynasty not only included the two forms,Houzi and Shaofeng,but also involved the other three types,which helps to maintain the stability of the title heritage. The diverse characteristics of inheriting forms in the Han Dynasty reflect not only the changes of identity inheritance law and the complexity of inheritance mechanism,but also the government's emphasis on maintaining class interests of people with higher title.