GPS在卫星精密测轨中的应用

APPLICATION OF GPS TO PRECISION SATELLITE ORBIT DETERMINATION

自从美国全球定位系统(GPS)试验系统建立以来,发展了各种各样的方法,利用GPS 测量来精密确定卫星轨道。在1984年,LANDSAT-5上装载一个GPSPAC 的仪器进行了飞行,以验证用GPS 定轨的精确度。1982年在美国喷气推进试验室((?)PL),为TOPEX 卫星研究了一种GPS 距离和距离变化率的双差分法,以满足其厘米级的精度要求。除GPS 对低轨地球卫星定轨应用外,有人也提出了用GPS 测量对高轨地球卫星甚至同步卫星的定轨方法及精度分析。文章对上述各种方法给以简要的介绍和评述。

Since GPS experimental constellation was built up,several kindsof method have been developed for precise determination of satellite orbit with GPS measurement.In 1984 a experimental Global Positioning SystemPackage(GPSPAC)was carried on LANDSAT-5 for validation of the acc-uracy of GPSPAC orbit solutions.In 1982,a research team in JPL developeda type of double differenced GPS range and doppler measurements to meetsubdeeimeter accuracy demand of TOPEX.Beside the application of GPS tolow-altitude earth orbit satellite,means and accuracy analysis have beenconceived for high orbit or even geosynchronous orbit determination.Thispaper intends to introduce and review the methods mentioned above in brief.