契约诚信的要素分析——兼论道德诚信与契约诚信的差异

THE FACTOR ANALYSIS OF CONTRACT TRUST——THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MORAL INTEGRITY AND CONTRACT TRUST

探讨了诚信作为社会意识,总是根植于生产方式和由此所决定的社会结构(组织)中,农业文明时期和工业文明的计划经济时期形成了血缘、地缘、职缘为基础的社会组织,依靠道德和权威裁判来维系诚信。市场经济体制时期,陌生人组织成为社会的基本单位,充满开放性和不稳定性。诚信只能靠契约及其背后的法制来维系。契约诚信具有四个要素:诚信主体间是独立、平等的关系;诚信的原则是公正,获取信息的公正、权利和义务的公正、仲裁的公正;维系诚信的制约机制是建立个人诚信档案和评估制度,依靠完备的法律体系对违反诚信的行为进行惩罚,形成强制性的约束力;诚信的内在驱动力是道德,要树立法律至高无上、遵纪守法的道德。

Discussed as a social consciousness, trust is always rooted in the mode of production and the corresponding social structure（organization） determined by it. During the agricultural civilization period and the period of planned economy in the industrial civilization, social organizations are formed on the basis of blood, geopolitical position or professional position. The trust relies on morality and authority to maintain. During the period of market economy system, the stranger groups become the basic unit of society, full of openness and instability. The trust can only rely on contract and the legal system to maintain. The contract-trust has four essential elements： the relationship of the subjects is independent and equal; the principle of trust is jus- tice, including the justice of information, right and obligation and arbitration; the restriction mechanism for maintaining trust is to establish personal credit archives and evaluation system, and to punish the violation depending on the sound legal system so as to form mandatory binding; morality is the inner drives of trust, which make it necessary to establish the morality of the supreme law and law-abiding.