广东省居民重点食品中铅、镉的含量及暴露情况的评估

Assessment of the content and exposure of lead and cadmium in the major food of Guangdong residents

目的采用中国总膳食研究方法,运用2007年-2014年广东省重金属污染监测工作所采集的各类居民日常食品中的铅、镉检测数据,评估广东省居民膳食中铅、镉的暴露情况。方法测定广东省各市7类重点食品中的铅、镉含量,计算居民铅的暴露边界比和镉的每月摄入量,并以此作为评价标准。结果广东省各类重点食品中铅、镉的总体均值分别为0.104 mg/kg和0.110 mg/kg,超标率分别为5.7%和11.0%,人群中铅的暴露边界比为2.46~140.00;镉的每月摄入量为0.01μg/（kg·bw）~20.90μg/（kg·bw）,占镉暂定每月可耐受摄入量的0.04%~83.00%。但粤北地区人群食用大米镉的每月摄入量达到31.2μg/（kg·bw）,占镉暂定每月可耐受摄入量的125%。结论广东省各类食品人群的铅、镉摄入量基本处于安全水平,但对于粤北地区的部分食品蕴藏着一定的人群镉暴露风险,值得警惕。

Objective The lead and cadmium detection data collected by heavy metal pollution monitoring institute in Guangdong province from 2007 to 2014,and assessment of the content and exposure of lead and cadmium in the major food in Guangdong residents was conducted with the method of China total diet study. Methods The contents of lead and cadmium in seven kinds of major food in Guangdong were measured. The margin of exposure（ MOE） of lead and estimated monthly intake（ EMI）of cadmium were worked out as evaluation criteria. Results The average contents of lead and cadmium in foods were0. 104 mg / kg and 0. 110 mg / kg and the over limit rate were 5. 7% and 11. 0%. The MOE of lead of Guangdong residents was estimated to be 2. 46- 140. 00. The EMI of cadmium ranged from 0. 01 μg /（ kg ·bw） to 20. 90 μg /（ kg ·bw）,which were0. 04%- 83. 00% of provisional tolerable monthly intake（ PTMI）. More heavily,The EMI of cadmium from rice was31. 2 μg /（ kg·bw） in northern Guangdong,which was equivalent to 125% of PTMI. Conclusion It witnessed that lead,cadmium intake in Guangdong was in the safe level. However,it is worth noticing in the cadmium exposure risk of northern Guangdong residents.