不同留守类型儿童的心理健康状况调查

Investigation on mental health status of different types of left-behind children

改革开放以来产生了大量的留守儿童,引起社会方泛关注,为了了解留守儿童的心理健康状况,采用心理健康诊断测验（MHT）对西部某省两所中学和两所小学,以4~8年级的学生作为被试,共320名儿童的心理健康状况进行调查。结果发现,非留守儿童的健康状况好于留守儿童,留守儿童在心理问题阳性检出率中占81.8%,而非留守儿童仅占心理健康问题阳性检出率的18.2%;不同类型的留守儿童在心理健康问题在MHT的不同维度上都显著地高于非留守儿童;留守儿童在心理健康水平上还存在着学段差异和性别差异;初中留守儿童心理健康问题得分均显著高于小学留守儿童（p〈0.05）,且差异有统计学意义;女性留守儿童显著高于男性留守儿童（p〈0.05）,且差异有统计学意义。可见,留守儿童心理健康水平较低,留守经历对儿童心理影响具有长期效应,父母外出务工时应当尽量留下一方在家照顾子女。

Since the reform and opening up, resulting in a large number of left-behind children, cause social attention widely, in order to understand the mental health status of left-behind children, with mental health test （MHT） for subjects who 4 to 8 grade stu- dents, from two middle schools and two primary school left-behind children in the western province of china, survey to the level of mental health in total 320 chil- dren. The results found, non left-behind children＇s health status is better than left-behind children. They in psychological problems accounted for 81.8% of the positive rate, non left behind children only occupy 18.2%. Different types of left-behind children in mental health problems in MHT of different dimen- sions are significantly higher than non left-behind children. Left-behind children in mental health heave still learning period and gender differences. Junior high school left behind children＇s mental health scores were significantly higher than that of primary school left-behind children （p〈0.05）, and the difference was statistically significant. Female left-behind children was significantly higher than that of male left-behind children （p〈0.05）, and the difference was statistically significant. Therefore, left-behind children psycho- logical health level is lower, psychological of left be- hind experience impact on children with long-term effects. Parents of migrant workers should try to leave a party to take care of their children at home.