提高木质纤维素酶解糖化效率的研究进展

Research Progress of Enhancing Enzymatic Saccharification Efficiency of Lignocellulose

木质纤维素高效水解为可发酵糖是其在生物燃料及高附加值化学品转化过程中至关重要的环节。从环保的角度出发,水解方法中的酶解是木质纤维素被彻底降解而无环境污染的有效途径,并且酶水解反应糖损耗低、副产物少、条件温和,因此受到广泛关注。但木质纤维素的组成与结构极为复杂,加之纤维素酶存在稳定性差、寿命短、活性低等缺陷,致使酶解效率较低,酶解糖化成本过高,为此国内外学者对如何提高木质纤维素酶解效率开展诸多方面的研究,综述了近年来提高木质纤维素酶解效率研究取得的最新理论研究及工艺进展,并就木质纤维素的预处理、产酶菌株/技术、酶复配/重组、酶解助剂、酶固定、外场作用、酶回收重利用及酶解反应器多方面的研究情况进行了总结,进一步展望了木质纤维酶解糖化的发展方向。

The crucial segment in the process of the conversion of lignocellulose into biofuels and high value-added chemicals is the efficient lignocellulose hydrolysis to afford soluble sugars for subsequent fermentation. From the perspective of environmental protection,enzymatic hydrolysis is an effective way to lignocellulose degradation completely without environmental pollution,furthermore,this method has got widely attention because of its advantages,such as lower sugar loss,fewer by-products and mild conditions. Due to the complex compositions and structures of cellulose and some drawbacks of cellulase itself,such as poor stability,short lifetime and low activity,which make low efficiency and high cost of enzymatic saccharification. Scholars from all over the world have carried out researches in many aspects about how to improve the efficiency of lignocellulose enzymatic saccharification. The latest processes of both theoretical and technological research in recent years were summarized. The influences of pretreatment of lignocellulose,cellulase production strains and technology,cellulase complex and recombination,cellulase additives,cellulase immobilization,external fields,recycling and reuse of cellulase were reviewed,and the prospects on lignocellulose enzymatic saccharification in the future were also presented.