基于同波束VLBI的大气电波相位抖动统计特性研究

Statistical characteristics of atmospheric phase fluctuations observed by using same-beam VLBI

探测器和射电源的信号通过地球大气和电离层时其相位发生抖动,对地面观测系统如VLBI的测量精度产生极大影响.本文基于日本探月工程SELENE的两个小卫星Rstar和Vstar 4个测站长达1年的同波束VLBI观测数据,研究了VLBI各基线相关相位及两卫星间差分相关相位的阿伦方差和构造函数的统计特性及每月的变化情况,并首次得到了差分相关相位的均方根和角距离的关系模型.同时,利用4测站6基线的相关相位及两卫星间差分相关相位,首次反演出各个测站的大气电波相位抖动及两卫星间差分相位抖动的阿伦方差、构造函数、以及差分相位的均方根和角距离的关系模型.时间间隔?在8–80 s时,差分相关相位和各测站的阿伦方差正比于?0,符合Kolmogorov湍流理论.6条基线的差分相位抖动的均方根的平均值?与角距离?的关系模型为?=2.759?+1.069 deg/deg,反演出的4个测站的差分相关相位抖动的均方根的平均值与角距离的关系模型为?=1.967?+0.738 deg/deg.

When the signals from spacecrafts and radio sources transmits through the earth＇s atmosphere and ionosphere, their phase occurs fluctuation, which has great influence on the measurement precision of the ground observing system such as VLBI. Using same beam VLBI data of 1 year which were got from two satellites （Rstar and Vstar） in Japanese lunar exploration project SELENE, we studied the Allan standard deviation and the structure function of correlation phase fluctuations of Rstar and Vstar, and differential correlation phase fluctuation between Rstar and Vstar on six baselines. We also obtained Allan standard deviation of phase fluctuations of Rstar and differential phase fluctuation between Rstar and Vstar at each station based on the 6 baseline data. In addition, we obtained the relationship model between differential phase fluctuations of Rstar and Vstar and its separation angle at each station. In the range of time interval 8〈t〈80 s, the Allan standard deviation is proportional to r0, which obeys Kolmogorov disturbance theory. The relationship model between the root mean square of differential phase fluctuations of Rstar and Vstar and its separation angle at each station is φ=1.967 0 ＋0.738 deg/deg, and that on six baselines is φ=2.759 0＋ 1.069 deg/deg.