摘要
围绕"机器能否思维"的争论和对人工智能(AI)的质疑,本文阐明AI及模拟智能,其特征是对原型(自然智能)的趋同和异化,即两者之间共性与差异同在。这是一种"既-又"(Both/And)思维模式,而不是简单化、排他性的"不是-就是"(Either/Or)模式。本文在4个定义和5个假设的基础上导出若干推论,严谨地解释了机器智能与人类心灵之间的关系,回答了对AI可行性的诸多质疑,指出Either/Or思维,如"非全真,即为假"或"非心灵整体,即非智能",导致了一些对AI的认知错误;而神秘主义对智能与意识的科学研究存在极为有害的影响。期待能结束AI领域中的一些不必要的争论与混乱,以利于学科发展。
Aiming at the debate that surrounds the question,＂Can machines think＂,and the queries on artificial intelligence（AI）,this paper clarifies that the essence of simulation and AI（i.e.simulation intelligence）should be pursuing assimilation（similar-taxis）as well as keeping dissimilation to a prototype（natural intelligence）.Both commonness and obvious otherness（individuality）must exist between them.This is a‘Both/And＇thinking mode and not a simplified exclusive‘Either/Or＇thinking.Based on four definitions and five hypotheses,some corollaries are educed logically to clarify the relation between machine intelligence and human mind and to answer the queries on AI.This paper points out that the‘Either/Or＇thinking,such as‘either true intelligence or false＇or‘either whole mind or nothing＇,resulted in some cognitive mistakes on AI and the mysticlsm had most deleterious consequences among the scientific research of intelligence and consciousness.This paper hopes to end some needless arguments and confusions in the fields of AI with the cognitive science benefit.
出处
《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第8期113-120,132,共9页
Periodical of Ocean University of China
关键词
模拟
人工智能
智能机器
思维模式
意识
心灵
simulation
artificial intelligence
intelligent machines
thinking mode
consciousness
spirit
