设施水旱轮作对盐渍化土壤盐分的影响

Effect of paddy-upland rotation on soil salinity in Salinized facility soil

以水蕹菜（Ipomoea aquatica）和菊花（Dendranthema morifolium）进行为期5个月的设施水旱轮作,以1个月为间隔对0~40cm土层以10cm为单位分层取样,比较各土层可溶性盐含量（EC值）及主要盐分离子含量的变化,探讨水旱轮作对设施土壤盐渍化的影响。结果表明：淹水栽培水蕹菜1个月后0~20cm土层的EC值下降幅度较大,但30~40cm深层土壤EC值有所上升;2个月后各层土壤EC值降幅达60.27%~81.84%;主要盐分离子含量呈相应变化。断水降渍1个月后各层土壤EC值及主要盐分离子含量均呈小幅回升。旱作菊花1~2个月后0~20cm土壤EC值持续缓慢回升,但仍比淹水栽培前下降52.71%~67.27%;主要盐分离子尤其是与肥料相关的盐分离子含量也呈相应变化。证明常规旱生设施园艺基地利用水生蔬菜开展水旱轮作对治理土壤盐渍化具有明显效果。

To study the effect of paddy-upland rotation on the salinity of salinized soil in horticultural facilities,water spinach（Ipomoea aquatica Forsk）and chrysanthemum（Dendranthema morifolium（Ramat.）Tzvel.）were planted successively in a multi-span greenhouse during a 5-months period.Soil samples were obtained in the depth of 0-10,10-20,20-30 and 30-40 cm every month during the experiment.The EC value and content of main salt ions of each sample were determined.The results showed that one month after water spinach planting,the EC value declined largely in0-20 cm soil layer,but increased in 30-40 cm layer;Two months later,after water spinach was harvested and water was drained in the paddy field,the EC value of all soil layers dropped significantly（between 60.27%-81.84%）.One month after draining,chrysanthemum was planted and the EC value in all soil layers increased slightly.The value of soil EC increased continuously during chrysanthemum growth for 1-2months,but still significantly lower than that before water spinach planting.The contents of major salt ions,especially those associated with fertilizers,also showed a similar pattern in different soil layers.Concluded that rotation with aquatic vegetables in conventional horticultural facilities is beneficial to mitigate soil salinization.