中医“上火”的内涵、表述及其应用初探

Preliminary Study on “Shanghuo”Connotation,Expression and Its Application of the Chinese Medicine

[目的]探讨中医"上火"的内涵、表述及其应用。[方法]在研读古代文献的基础上,根据疾病主证高居头面部位、发病机制具备火性上炎的病理特征来圈定"上火"病证;通过"上火"病证发病机制多种多样的阐述方式来归纳总结出"上火"病证表述的特定用词。[结果]"上火"病证在表述过程中涉及到的常用术语有"上冲""冲上""上炎""炎上""上浮""上攻""上越""火炎""火升""升炎""上灼""上腾""上行"等13种之多;归属"上火"范畴的病证有"鼻衄""牙痛""咽痛""口疮""口臭""舌痛""耳鸣""头痛""面部痤疮"等30余种;"上火"有阴火、阳火之分,治疗不可专主清热养阴。[结论]"上火"病证一般都是通过"上火"的特定用词表达出来的,"上火"病证表述中的特定用词与不同的脏腑之火、不同的发病部位以及病证的性质有着内在联系;治疗"上火"不可见"火"清"火",而要辨证施治。

[Objective] Study on ＂Shanghuo＂connotation,expression and its application of the Chinese medicine.[Method] Based on studying the ancient literature,we can define the ＂Shanghuo＂disease concept according to the anatomical site at the head part,pathogenesis with ＂Shanghuo＂pathological features;We can summarize the specific words of ＂Shanghuo＂disease expression according to a variety of pathogenesis.[Resuhs]The common terms of ＂Shanghuo＂disease inelude＂Shangchong＂＂Chongshang＂＂Shangyan＂＂Yanshang＂ ＂Shangfu＂ ＂Shanggong＂ ＂Shangyue＂ ＂Huoyan＂＂Huosheng＂ ＂Shengyan＂ ＂Shangzhuo＂ ＂Shangteng＇＂Shangxing＂, they are thirteen kinds.The category of ＂Shanghuo＂disease ineludas＂epistaxis＂＂toothache＂ ＂sore throat＂＂aphtha＂ ＂ kakostomia＂＂tongue pain＂＂tinnitus＂＂headache＂＂facial acne＂ and more than 30 species.Cleating-heat and nourishing-yin is not the only treatment for ＂Shanghuo＂being divided into Yinhuo and Yanghuo.[Conclusion] ＂Shanghuo＂disease is generally expressed through the specific words,the latter is intrinsically linked with the fire of different organs,the different parts of disease and the nature of disease.Treatment of ＂Shanghuo＂ should be based on syndrome differentiation.