海南省畜禽粪便资源分布及总量控制研究

Studies on Resource Distribution and Gross Control of Animal and Poultry Manure in Hainan Province

为了评估海南省畜禽粪污资源总量及其对环境的影响,以环保部发布的区域畜禽产排污系数为基础,利用2011年的统计数据,研究海南省的畜禽粪便资源总量、COD区域分布及耕地的氮、磷负荷,并以欧盟的耕地氮施用标准对海南省畜禽养殖的环境容量和污染风险进行了初步评估。结果表明,2011年海南省畜禽粪便总量达1 741.75万t,海口、文昌、万宁、定安、澄迈、儋州和乐东7市县粪便资源超过1.00万t;全省单位面积耕地氮、磷平均负荷为192.72 kg/hm2和54.80 kg/hm2,除海口、临高、东方、乐东、琼中、白沙和昌江7个市县外,其他县市高于欧盟的限量标准;全省畜禽养殖环境容量为1 925.11万头猪当量(以N为基准),实际养殖总量比畜禽养殖环境容量高13.01%,约有11个市县超过本省环境容量。研究结果为区域畜禽养殖总量控制、合理布局和粪污的综合利用提供了决策依据。

In order to evaluate the gross-amount of animal and poultry manure and its effect on evironment in Hainan Province, this paper took the pollutant excretion coefficient of livestock and poultry as basis, used the statistical data collected in 2011, and studies the gross-amount of livestock and poultry manure, COD regional distribution and nitrogin and phosphorus load on cultivated lands. The paper also made initial assessment about environmental capability and pollution risk of livestock and poultry husbandry in Hainan Province, taking EU standard of limitation for nitrogen application on cultivated land. The results indicated that in 2011, the total ammount of livestock and poultry manure in Hainan Proince was 1 741.75 million t. The mannue resources produced in Haikou, Wenchang, Wanning, Dingan, Chengmai, Danzhou and Ledong 7 cities and counties were over ten thousand tons. The average nitrogen and phosphorus load per unit area of cultivated land in Hainan Province were 192.72 kg/hm2（ TN ） and 54.80 kg/hm2 （TP）. Except Haikou, Lin＇gao, Dongfang, counties, all the other cities and counties exceeded the Ledong, Qiongzhong, Baisha and Changjiang 7 cities and EU standard limitation. The environmental capacity for livestock and poultry husbandry in Hainan Province were 1.925 11 million heads （equivalent based on nitrogen）. The actual total amount of livestock and poultry raised were 13.01% higher than the environment capacity for livestock and poultry husbandry. About 11 cities and counties exceeded the environmental capacity for animal husbandry. These results provided references for decision-making on controlling regional gross ammount of animal husbandry, rational distribution, and comprehensive utilization of animal mannue.